Sometimes you have more content than can fit in a particular region of your layout.
X and/or Y overflows
overflow-x
Use overflow-x when you may need a sideways scroll. (overflow-x shows horizontal scroll but not vertical scroll.) E.g. when you have an oversized table. Or, you may have a simply sideways-scrolling gallery.
overflow-y
Use overflow-y when you have content that is too tall for its wrapper. (overflow-y shows vertical scroll but not horizontal scroll.) E.g. see AlpineJS modal with scrollable content.
overflow-xy
Use overflow-xy when you have both width and height constraints but you want to show both horizontal and vertical scroll. This utility may be useful if you want to show a large map or oversized table.
Overflow clip
overflow-clip(aliasoverflow-hidden)
Since Codebase v.5.3.1, these have the style rule overflow: clip, so that they do not create a scrolling context (see Scroll-Driven Animations: You want overflow: clip, not overflow: hidden by Bramus Van Damme).
Use overflow-clip when you have too much content for displaying in a block element that has a constrained width and/or height, but you don’t want to show either horizontal or vertical scroll.
(the Utility class named overflow-hidden is is still present for backwards compatability, but it now uses overflow: clip with overflow: hidden as a fallback.)